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Metals and Non-metals Notes

Home / Class Notes / Class 10 / Science / Metals and Non-metals
✓ Free notes Class 10 Science 1 study file

About these notes

Class 10 Science Metals and Non-metals notes give topic-wise explanations, important questions and MCQ practice plus chapter test and mock test options on Merit Spring ROH. Main sub-topics: physical properties (lustre, malleability, ductility, conductivity), chemical reactions (with oxygen, water, acids and bases), reactivity series and displacement, extraction steps (concentration, roasting/calcination, reduction, purification), amphoteric oxides (Al2O3, ZnO), corrosion and prevention (galvanising, sacrificial protection). For Class 10 CBSE and Bihar Board students preparing term exams, board revision and chapter tests.

Key points you will learn

  • Class 10 Science Metals and Non-metals notes — physical properties: lustre, malleability, ductility, electrical and thermal conductivity
  • Chemical reactions: metals with oxygen, water, dilute acids and bases; displacement reactions predicted by reactivity series
  • Reactivity series tip: memorise order to predict which metal displaces another and which method suits extraction
  • Extraction steps: concentration → roasting/calcination → reduction → purification; roasting converts sulphides to oxides
  • Important equations: Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2; Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2; 2Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + 2Fe
  • Amphoteric oxides: Al2O3 and ZnO react with both acids and bases
  • Corrosion prevention: painting, galvanising (zinc coating), sacrificial protection and regular maintenance

What is inside this chapter

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Metals and Non-metals

📥 Open notes

Questions students ask

What is the difference between roasting and calcination?

Roasting converts sulphide ores into oxides by heating in air, while calcination removes volatile impurities or CO2 from carbonate or hydrated ores by heating in limited air. Example: 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2; CaCO3 → CaO + CO2.

How does zinc react with sodium hydroxide?

Zinc reacts with NaOH to form sodium zincate and hydrogen gas. Equations: Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2; or Zn + 2NaOH + 2H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4] + H2, showing its amphoteric behaviour.

Where to find Class 10 Science Metals and Non-metals notes and important questions?

Find concise chapter notes on this page of Merit Spring ROH; the site also provides chapter tests and mock tests for practice. Use the notes alongside MCQ and chapter test options for focused revision.

How to prevent corrosion of iron at home or in projects?

Prevent corrosion by coating metal surfaces (painting), galvanising with a zinc layer, using sacrificial anodes and keeping metals dry; regular cleaning and applying oil or grease also reduce rust formation.

What are amphoteric oxides and give examples?

Amphoteric oxides react with both acids and bases; Al2O3 and ZnO are common examples. They form salts with acids and complex ions with strong bases (e.g., Al2O3 reacts with NaOH to give aluminate ions).

← Previous chapter Acids, Bases and Salts

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